Sofia's list of almost 400 methods of nonviolent protest (building upon Gene Sharp's 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action)

  1. Public speeches

  2. Letters of opposition or support

  3. Declarations by organizations and institutions

  4. Signed public statements

  5. Declarations of indictment and intention

  6. Group or mass petitions

  7. Code strike (refuse to write code for harmful systems)

  8. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols

  9. Banners, posters, and displayed communications

  10. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books

  11. Newspapers and journals

  12. Records, radio, and television

  13. Skywriting and earthwriting

  14. Alternative communication systems

  15. Mesh network building

  16. Nonviolent land seizure

  17. Defiance of blockades

  18. Open letters

  19. Poster campaigns

  20. Sticker campaigns

  21. Graffiti art

  22. Crowdsourced fact-checking campaigns (distributed verification of claims)

  23. Counter-surveillance

  24. Face paint anti-recognition parties

  25. QR code graffiti

  26. Deputations

  27. Mock awards

  28. Mock funerals

  29. Group lobbying

  30. Picketing

  31. Mock elections

  32. Phone call campaigns

  33. Fax campaigns

  34. Postcard campaigns

  35. Door-to-door canvassing

  36. Mass freedom of information flash requests (coordinated mass FOIA submissions)

  37. Displays of flags and symbolic colors

  38. Wearing of symbols

  39. Prayer and worship

  40. Delivering symbolic objects

  41. Protest disrobings

  42. Destruction of own property

  43. Symbolic lights

  44. Displays of portraits

  45. New signs and names

  46. Symbolic sounds

  47. Symbolic reclamations

  48. Empty shoes displays

  49. Living statues

  50. Chalk art on sidewalks

  51. Guerrilla gardening

  52. Guerrilla gardening with sensors (plant crops and monitor soil conditions)

  53. Yarn bombing

  54. Yarn bombing with data (use fiber arts to display information)

  55. Light projections on buildings

  56. Banner drops

  57. Balloon releases

  58. Kite flying protests

  59. 'Haunting' officials

  60. Taunting officials

  61. Fraternization

  62. Humorous skits and pranks

  63. Performances of plays and music

  64. Songs of protest

  65. Underground raves and shows

  66. Poetry readings

  67. Art exhibitions

  68. Film screenings

  69. Documentary production

  70. Public murals

  71. Street art data visualization

  72. Performance art

  73. Dance protests

  74. Storytelling circles

  75. Cultural festivals

  76. Alternative media creation/ zine publication

  77. Underground newspapers

  78. Guerrilla theater

  79. Marches

  80. Parades

  81. Religious processions

  82. Pilgrimages

  83. Motorcades

  84. Silent vigils

  85. Candlelight vigils

  86. Human chains

  87. Flash mobs

  88. Flash mob debates

  89. Algorithmic auditing flash mobs

  90. Die-ins

  91. Sit-ins

  92. Virtual sit-ins

  93. Stand-ins

  94. Kneel-ins

  95. Prayer vigils

  96. Walking meditation protests

  97. Critical mass bike rides

  98. Political mourning

  99. Demonstrative funerals

  100. Homage at burial places

  101. Symbolic funerals

  102. Assemblies of protest or support

  103. Protest meetings

  104. Camouflaged meetings of protest

  105. Teach-ins

  106. Public forums

  107. Community dialogues

  108. Walk-outs

  109. Silence

  110. Renouncing honors

  111. Turning one's back

  112. Social boycott

  113. Lysistratic nonaction

  114. Excommunication

  115. Interdict

  116. Suspension of social and sports activities

  117. Boycott of social affairs

  118. Student strike

  119. Social disobedience

  120. Withdrawal from social institutions

  121. Total personal noncooperation

  122. 'Flight' of workers

  123. Sanctuary

  124. Collective disappearance

  125. Protest emigration

  126. Consumer boycotts

  127. Policy of austerity

  128. Rent withholding

  129. Ethical purchasing

  130. Local currency movements

  131. Time banking

  132. Cooperative businesses

  133. Platform cooperatives (build worker-owned digital platforms)

  134. Fair trade campaigns

  135. Producers' boycott

  136. Work slowdowns

  137. Withdrawal of bank deposits

  138. Refusal of a government's money

  139. Divestment campaigns

  140. Shareholder meeting disruptions

  141. Corporate campaign targeting

  142. Tax resistance

  143. Debt strikes

  144. Prisoners' strike

  145. Craft strike

  146. Professional strike

  147. Establishment strike

  148. Industry strike

  149. Sympathetic strike

  150. Alternative markets

  151. Alternative transportation systems

  152. Alternative economic institutions

  153. Selective patronage

  154. Gift economy experiments

  155. Credit union organizing

  156. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance

  157. Boycott of legislative bodies

  158. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents

  159. Removal of own signs and placemarks

  160. Refusal to accept appointed officials

  161. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions

  162. Hiding, escape, and false identities

  163. Civil disobedience of 'illegitimate' laws

  164. Civil disobedience of 'neutral' laws

  165. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides

  166. Blocking of lines of command and information

  167. Stalling and obstruction

  168. General administrative noncooperation

  169. Judicial noncooperation

  170. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse

  171. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation

  172. Mutiny

  173. Hunger strike

  174. Reverse trial

  175. Sit-in

  176. Stand-in

  177. Ride-in

  178. Wade-in

  179. Mill-in

  180. Pray-in

  181. Nonviolent occupation/ office occupations

  182. Tree sitting

  183. Public space reclamation

  184. Pop-up protests

  185. Mobile protests

  186. Underground protests

  187. Establishing new social patterns

  188. Overloading of facilities

  189. Overloading of administrative systems

  190. Stall-in

  191. Speak-in

  192. Alternative social institutions

  193. Preclusive purchasing

  194. Seizure of assets

  195. Dumping

  196. Disclosing identities of secret agents

  197. Blog networks

  198. Wiki activism

  199. Wiki edit-a-thons

  200. Meme warfare

  201. Collaborative online manifesto writing

  202. Distributed denial of inventory attacks

  203. Website defacement

  204. DDoS protests

  205. Email bombing campaigns

  206. Online banner campaigns

  207. Pop-up activism

  208. Browser extension activism

  209. Search engine manipulation

  210. SEO manipulation

  211. Review bombing

  212. Online flashmobs

  213. Virtual reality protests

  214. Augmented reality protest layers

  215. QR code campaigns

  216. Geolocation check-ins

  217. Encrypted messaging groups

  218. Secure communication apps

  219. Blockchain voting systems

  220. Blockchain protest voting for collective decision-making

  221. Cryptocurrency fundraising

  222. Crowdfunding campaigns

  223. Digital security workshops

  224. Anonymous reporting platforms

  225. Citizen journalism apps

  226. Live streaming protests

  227. Drone documentation

  228. Smart device coordination

  229. Smart city sensor mapping (document and visualize surveillance infrastructure)

  230. Data visualization campaigns

  231. Data visualization protests

  232. Infographic distribution

  233. Interactive websites

  234. Interactive democracy installations (create voting and feedback systems)

  235. Database creation

  236. Transparency initiatives

  237. Algorithm transparency demands

  238. WikiLeaks-style platforms

  239. Leak drop parties (secure document sharing workshops)

  240. Open source intelligence

  241. Open source alternative building

  242. Fact-checking initiatives

  243. Privacy protection campaigns

  244. Privacy screen giveaways

  245. Digital rights activism

  246. Net neutrality campaigns

  247. Algorithm auditing

  248. Data scraping for justice

  249. Data poisoning campaigns

  250. API activism

  251. Solar panel installations

  252. Community gardens

  253. Seed bombing

  254. River cleanups

  255. Plastic-free campaigns

  256. Carbon footprint tracking

  257. Alternative energy demos

  258. Permaculture projects

  259. Permaculture technology integration

  260. Urban farming

  261. Composting campaigns

  262. Water conservation demos

  263. Wildlife protection actions

  264. Community resilience hubs (local disaster preparedness centers)

  265. Community resilience planning (prepare for technology and infrastructure failures)

  266. Human billboards

  267. Human billboard networks (coordinate wearable message campaigns)

  268. Body painting

  269. Costume protests

  270. Mask wearing campaigns

  271. Counter-surveillance fashion shows

  272. Silent meditation

  273. 24-hour vigils

  274. Anniversary commemorations

  275. Rush hour demonstrations

  276. Alternative schools

  277. Free universities

  278. Skill shares

  279. Mobile libraries

  280. Historical reenactments

  281. Burner phone swaps

  282. Academic boycotts

  283. Curriculum development

  284. Textbook campaigns

  285. Science marches

  286. Community science projects

  287. Ballot initiatives

  288. Referendum campaigns

  289. Recall efforts

  290. Court watching

  291. Legal observer training

  292. Know-your-rights workshops

  293. Platform policy annotation (crowdsource analysis of terms of service)

  294. Personal data deletion campaigns

  295. Jury nullification education

  296. Legislative lobbying

  297. Write-in campaigns

  298. Spoiled ballot campaigns

  299. Poll watching

  300. Neighborhood assemblies

  301. Neighborhood technology councils

  302. Community kitchens

  303. Really Really Free Market (RRFM) movement

  304. Tool libraries

  305. Clothing swaps

  306. Book exchanges

  307. Community currencies

  308. Community land trusts (collectively own land and housing)

  309. Mutual aid networks

  310. Rapid response teams

  311. Affinity groups

  312. Support committees

  313. Solidarity networks

  314. Sister city campaigns

  315. International solidarity

  316. Cross-sector alliance building

  317. Pirate radio

  318. Community television

  319. Street newspapers

  320. Mobile broadcasting

  321. Guerrilla podcasting

  322. Projection mapping

  323. Digital billboards

  324. Billboard alterations

  325. Subway art

  326. ATM screen messages

  327. Patent trolling exposure (publicize abuse of intellectual property systems)

  328. Blessing ceremonies

  329. Sacred site protection

  330. Interfaith gatherings

  331. Meditation circles

  332. Drum circles

  333. Chanting

  334. Pot banging

  335. Deepfake detection workshops

  336. Critical media literacy circles

  337. Cooperative decision-making training

  338. Open hardware building sessions

  339. Detournement

  340. Subvertising

  341. Brand hijacking

  342. Hashtag hijacking

  343. Domain squatting

  344. Astroturfing exposure

  345. Leak platforms

  346. Whistleblowing support

  347. Anonymous tips systems

  348. Secure drops

  349. Language reclamation

  350. Name changes

  351. Symbol adoption

  352. Metadata liberation actions

  353. IMSI catcher detection walks

  354. Faraday cage building

  355. VPN education campaigns

  356. Security audit potlucks

  357. Future scenario planning exercises

  358. Speculative design exhibitions

  359. Glitch art protests (use digital errors as aesthetic resistance)

  360. Conference infiltration

  361. Regulatory capture documentation

  362. Ethics board infiltrations

  363. Tactical urbanism

  364. Reclaiming parking spaces for community use

  365. Pocket park pop-ups (transform vacant lots temporarily)

  366. Noise pollution mapping

  367. Accessible infrastructure audits

  368. Repair cafes

  369. Intergenerational tech mentorship

  370. Community broadband organizing

  371. Participatory technology assessment

  372. Prefigurative community building

  373. Hologram protests

  374. Ocean cleanup protests

  375. Time capsule protests

  376. Future letter campaigns

  377. Generational pledges

  378. Intergenerational actions

  379. Legacy projects

  380. Monument creation

  381. Archive building

  382. Historical documentation